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Everything You Need to Know about Conducting Effective Secondary Research
By E2E Research | July 30, 2021

Secondary research is an under-utilized yet fantastic way to better understand your competitors, build business development strategies, understand regional markets, create market entry strategies, and so much more.

 

But what exactly is it? Unlike primary research where you create your own data by launching a questionnaire or focus group, secondary research entails using data previously generated for other purposes. If you wrote any literature reviews in high school, college, or university, chances are you already know all about secondary research. Now that we’re in the business world, secondary research includes finding and analyzing:

 

  • Survey, interview, focus group, mystery shopping, sensory testing, and biometrics research completed by your own company in previous years for other purposes
  • Sales, transactional, and logistics data that was originally collected by your company for the purposes of production and fulfillment
  • Social listening data collected from social networks, online comments, online reviews, blogs, and other user-generated website content.
  • Census research that was conducted by government sources to allocate funding and services throughout the local region or country
  • Academic research conducted at colleges and universities, whether it’s been published as a journal article or stuffed in a file drawer because the professor got interested in something else
  • Research conducted by competitors and presented at conferences or shared in blogs or industry magazines
  • Research conducted by industry associations among their members or their stakeholders
  • Research conducted by third-party groups for the sole purposes of selling for profit to other people (you!)
  • Data collected by internet search engines such as Google Trends

 

Some specific sources of secondary data that are often useful for consumer and market researchers include:

 

  • Acxiom – demographic, home, vehicle, shopping, interests data
  • Arbitron / Nielsen Audio – radio data
  • Comscore – website visits and behaviors, trends, digital/linear/OTT TV viewership
  • Datalogix – online click tracking, consumer lifestyles, demographics, audience data
  • Dunnhumby – customer data via retailer loyalty programs
  • ecommerceDB – traffic of major brands, business trends, revenue by country
  • Epsilon – demographic data
  • Equifax – financial data
  • ExactData – consumer and business names, postal, email addresses
  • IQvia – healthcare and pharmaceutical data, anonymous patient data
  • IRI – purchase, media, social, loyalty data, consumer, shopper, retail data
  • Mintel – new product launches by category
  • Numerator – retail purchases
  • SimilarWeb – websites traffic trends, sources

 

The key point is that someone else already generated or curated data to suit their own purposes and now you are taking advantage of it to make further analyses that suit your purposes.

 

No matter how innovative and ground breaking your research or business problem is, someone has ALWAYS done relevant research prior to you. For example, when the very first academic research examined the validity of online questionnaire data, lots of research had already been conducted to understand the validity of questionnaire data in general. No data exists in a silo!

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Why use secondary research?

Let’s break secondary research into two overly simplified categories: Basic and complex.

 

Basic desk research

This is what you do everyday. It might take a few minutes or a few hours but you regularly:

 

  • Do quick online searches of the top 20 brands in a product category so that your questionnaire doesn’t exclude an important brand
  • Do a quick Twitter search to see the real words people use when they describe a brand so that you can build more informed focus group discussion guides
  • Check your government’s census data to ensure your questionnaire sampling plan is designed to reach a target group that reflects the general population in terms of gender, age, ethnicity, and income
  • Read an online blog post to gain a better understanding of a research methodology you don’t use very often (is this you right now?!)

 

 

Complex desk research

On the other hand, complex desk research might take weeks or months depending on how difficult it is find and analyze the information. For instance, developing a new product and introducing it to a new country with existing competitors would benefit from secondary research to address business problems such as:

 

  • What products already exist, what features do they offer, how are they priced?
  • What should your product cost given the prices and features of competitive brands and consumer characteristics?
  • How big is your market now and how big could it become?
  • How can your business identify the most strategic buyers and markets?
  • What do your suppliers and customers look like and which are the riskiest?
  • Which expansion strategies are effective in different parts of the country or the world?

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Advantages of Secondary Research

There are disadvantages to every research methodology you might consider. For instance, with secondary research,  you won’t always find all the data you need, you’re not always sure about the detailed methodology behind the data collection and reporting, the data will never be complete nor perfect, and you won’t always get the why along with the what. But there are definitely some great advantages that come with triangulating multiple data sources to understand a specific problem.

 

Prove your worth

When launching a new product, it is important to prove to your boss, investors, and other stakeholders that your idea is worth investing in and you understand what is happening in the market. No idea exists in a vacuum and you need to demonstrate that you understand what your potential market looks like and what could go completely wrong (or completely right!) after you launch.

 

Avoid wasting time and money

Upon doing your research, you may discover that someone else has already built the amazingly innovative widget you were planning to build. You now have the opportunity to figure out how to differentiate yourself BEFORE wasting time building the exact same widget.

 

Decrease your margin of error

Why do researchers like large sample sizes? Because the more people you include in a research study, the more you improve your chances of finding the “correct” answer. As just one person, you can only conduct so much research. But, when you invest that time into collecting multiple pieces of research from multiple sources, you will improve your chances of finding the “correct” answer. In the academic world, you could think of this as meta-analysis – when 95 studies prove X and 5 studies prove Y, chances are the X is the “correct” answer.  (There often isn’t one correct answer, just a more comprehensive or well-informed answer.)

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Tips to follow

Like many things, there is an art and a science to finding good quality data and analyzing it well. Here are some helpful tips to ensure you end up with useful secondary research:

 

Define clear research objectives

Just because you aren’t designing a questionnaire or interview doesn’t mean you can get away without well defined research objectives. Build a clear plan with specific research questions. Identify the types of data that could answer those questions – census data? Interview data? Sales data? It’s okay to start the research process with random searching in random places just to get a sense of what you know and don’t know. But, once you’ve used up that allotted discovery time, be specific and detailed about your next steps.

 

Create a framework for discovery

Rather than randomly looking for things, build a framework that will help you plan and organize. For example, “think, feel, do” is a  common framework. As you seek out information, look for data that helps you understand what people 1) think, 2) feel, and 3) do. Other frameworks might specify “buyers, brands, and businesses,” or “finances, logistics, and transactions,” or “design, field, analyze, report.” Focus on addressing the research problem from multiple angles – time frame, geography, target audience, metrics, and products. Whatever framework you build for yourself, it will help ensure that you cover all aspects of the business problem.

 

Seek a range of sources and data types

Look for government data, association data, academic data, newspaper data, and think tank data. Find qualitative and quantitative data, business and personal data, user and non-user data, customer and consumer data. Figure out all the types of places where your data could be and make sure it all gets a chance to be represented.

 

Don’t dismiss old data

Sales numbers, technology, and business processes might change quickly but human behavior changes soooo veeeeery slooooooowly. It’s often reasonable to skip over the technology part of older research – we don’t care about floppy disks, cathode ray tubes, and dot-matrix printers anymore. However, make sure to pay close attention to the human side of things. If people didn’t like something five years, their perceptions and emotions behind those dislikes could very well still be valid.

 

Seek out contradictions

It’s easy to find a set of data that offers conclusions you like and continue on the same path. But, that could lead you down one single path when there are actually multiple paths, all with enlightening and valid outcomes. That’s not to say you should entertain bad, wrong, or unethical ideas just because they are other ideas. Make sure you consciously seek out other ideas and actively reject them for good reasons rather than rejecting them because you didn’t know they existed.

 

Expect and confront bias

Try to identify potential sources of bias– age, gender, ethnicity, disability, sexuality, language, country, political, societal. You might not realize the bias there unless you specifically look for it. Once you’ve found it, then you can decide what to do about it. We’ve learned so much about bias in the last few years. This is your opportunity to stretch your new muscles.

 

Validate everything

Just because something is on the internet doesn’t mean it is good, right, or true. Heck, computers at the library are free to use, WordPress hands out blogs sites for free, and anyone can instantly create “The Authoritative Guide to Three Hour Questionnaires.” Unless that website was endorsed by ESOMAR, the Insights Association, and the Canadian Research Insights Council, I wouldn’t give it a nanosecond of my time.

 

Consider the Source: Who collected the data? Are they reputable? Do respected experts reference them? Do they treat those who disagree with them with respect? Do they point out the drawbacks, faults, and biases of their own research? Who complains about them in social media? Further, just because some data is created for the purposes of selling it for profit to multiple third parties doesn’t mean it’s biased… but it doesn’t inherently mean it’s trustworthy either.

 

Consider the Data: When was it collected? When was it published? How was the data checked for quality? What data might be missing or incomplete? Are key words specifically defined and not left to the imagination? Are the sample sizes appropriate to draw conclusions from? Is the sample reflective of the population it’s supposed to represent?

 

Include everything

When you’ve completed your thorough analysis, incorporate all of the data that led you to your final set of conclusions. This means including valid and trustworthy information that you agree with as well as valid and trustworthy data you disagree with. Share the entire set of information so that other people can come to their own conclusions too. If you’ve laid out your argument well, they should come to similar conclusions as you did.

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What’s Next?

If you’ve got a simple secondary research project ahead of you, enjoy the process and leverage the time and money that someone else put into the research you’re benefiting from.

But, if you’ve got a complex and lengthy project ahead of you, our experienced desk researchers would be happy to help. Email your project specifications to our research experts using Bids at E2Eresearch dot com and we’ll lighten your load.

 

 

Learn from our case studies

 

Learn from our other blog posts

Stretching Brand Equity into White Spaces Using Data Fusion | A Healthcare Secondary Research Case Study
By E2E Research | July 6, 2021

Research Objective

  • A leading health care client needed to understand whether merging their two leading variants and stretching brand equity to meet new states of category growth drivers would be more competitive against quickly growing private label brands.

 

Scope & Methodology

  • A comprehensive, meta-analytics solution integrating insights from segmentation data, Habits & Practices data & brand equity data was conducted.
  • Key need-states for a variety of consumer segments were identified and brands were overlaid in the market to identify white-space potential.

E2E Research Case Study

E2E Research Case Study

 

Value Delivered

  • Growing white-space opportunities were identified that showed the brand had potential to stretch their equity and address evolving consumer needs.

 

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Consumer Perceptions Towards Online Ordering & Delivery Services | A Survey + Secondary Research Case Study
By E2E Research | April 27, 2021

Research Objective

  • A new food delivery company wished to understand consumer perceptions of online food delivery services in an Indian market.
  • They needed to understand:
    • Why consumers choose online delivery services
    • Perceptions of online food delivery portals
    • Barriers to using online food delivery services
    • The competitive environment including expansions, new product launches
  • They also needed to understand key drivers, challenges, and perceptions of pricing.

 

Scope & Methodology

  • A structured questionnaire was designed to identify which food delivery websites consumers are using and why, and focused on key drivers, pricing, and trends in the online food ordering and delivery market.
  • The target audience included students, self-employed people, homemakers, and service employees.
  • Secondary data sources included news articles, company annual reports, a variety of websites, press releases, and other relevant, trusted documents.
  • Key analyses included:
    • Understanding customer satisfaction with ordering and searching for specific food items
    • Identifying more suitable restaurant selections given the desired food item
    • Understanding desires for offers and discounts
    • Understanding concerns about on-time delivery needs and customer services
    • Understanding customer needs and wants for improving the online food ordering process.

 

Value Delivered

  • Our expert analyses enabled the client to better understand customer desires in product offerings, customer satisfaction, and regional presence of all major food delivery competitors.
  • Comprehensive findings and insights allowed them to make more strategic decisions grounded in data to facilitate the expansion of their business.

 

 

Check out other retail case studies

Launching a Fast Food Franchise In A Competitive Market | A Survey + Competitive Analysis Case Study
By E2E Research | April 22, 2021

Research Objective

  • The client wished to hold a master franchise of a famous USA fast food restaurant. They needed:
    • A detailed market segmentation and market scenario to gauge value and volume on basis of region by segmenting Indian fast-food services.
    • To examine competitive developments such as expansions, supply contracts, and mergers & acquisitions in industry.
    • To evaluate market trends and developments in Indian market and provided detailed company profile of all the competitors in market.
    • To distinguish the audience type based on their service preferences.

 

Scope & Methodology

  • Conducted primary research surveys with dine out and home delivery food service providers in India
  • Conducted secondary research using company annual reports, white papers, investor presentations, and financial reports
  • Competitive benchmark report was prepared which outlined leading players in the industry
  • Analyzed type and regional presence of all major food service providers across the country.
  • Calculated the current market size where food service providers’ value & volume sales data for different types of food services like dining services, PBCL, QSR, Café & others were recorded.

 

Value Delivered

  • Our comprehensive report covered the scope, size, disposition, and growth of industry including key sensitivities and success factors. The report also included a 5-year industry forecast, growth rates and an analysis of industry key players and their market shares.

 

 

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Creating a Beverage Launch Strategy in a Competitive Market | A Desk Research Case Study
By E2E Research | March 26, 2021

Research Objective

  • A beverage company wished to introduce their new organic drinks to a tough market in India which includes numerous international players.
  • To understand their current market position, they needed to explore beneficial opportunities to improve their launch and sales strategy for their new product.
  • They required a detailed understanding of prevailing market dynamics, including competitive forces, trends, risks, and challenges.

 

Scope & Methodology

  • Using secondary research, E2E researchers conducted a food and beverage industry analysis which involved analyzing industry trends, understanding emerging regulations, assessing local markets, and identifying the right scale of opportunities.
  • A risk assessment study was conducted to understand current and potential risks in terms of supply chain and food safety.
  • Using survey research, a customer needs assessment was also conducted to help the client understand:
    • Consumer needs and demands regarding organic drink products
    • Latest trends and innovations in food packaging materials
    • Business strategies of their key competitors and evaluate growth rate in industry for the next 5 years

 

Value Delivered

  • The client was able to much better understand India’s food and beverage market, including competitive services, trends, risks, and challenges, as well as untapped market opportunities.
  • The client introduced several new products and health drinks with innovative and sustainable packaging alternatives resulting in capturing huge traction in the Indian food and beverage industry.

 

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Developing a New Nutritional Pasta Product | A Desk Research Case Study
By E2E Research | March 26, 2021

Research Objective

  • An international brand of seasonings, instant soups, pasta, and noodles wished to satisfy Indian consumer needs with a product offering focused on balanced nutrition for young people.
  • Their main objective was to deliver well balanced nutritional pasta that mothers could trust, and their children would like while maintaining the image of their brand and quality. This needed to hold true even when kids and teenagers ate the pasta without any vegetables or meat.
  • They wanted to develop a pasta product which would find a balance between nutrition, taste, and visual signals that would make the product credible in the eyes of mothers and their children.

 

Scope & Methodology

  • Experts conducted a Customer Need Assessment study with mothers to understand:
    • Perception towards pasta products
    • Preferred ingredients and additives
    • Taste and color improvements
    • Level of consumption
  • Primary & Desk Research: We identified lentils, chickpeas, powdered egg whites, and flax seed as the best ingredients to achieve consumer nutritional objectives. These ingredients and additives were perceived to be nutritious and part of the healthy diet which fit well with the brand image.
  • We also evaluated a range of several colors to find a shade of pasta that is not too dark for the kids but dark enough for the mothers to find it credible.

 

Value Delivered

  • Our study helped the client to understand consumer perceptions towards their new product and identify their current needs for kids.
  • Client introduced several new products in the pasta segment by considering consumer’s needs and demands.

 

 

Check out other food case studies